Please fill out and return this sheet after viewing Program #11.   If you are unsure of an answer, give your best intelligent guess.
 

1.  What are the two ways that rocks can deform?

Brittley by cracking or fracturing; ductily by bending and folding

2.  What is assumed to be the original orientation of undeformed rock layers?

Horizontal.

3.  What environment would typically produce flat undeformed layers of sediment?

Standing water.

4.  What are the two angles that are measured to describe how a rock layers is oriented in space?

Strike and dip.

5.  What do we call a vertical slice through the Earth as shown in a diagram?

Cross-section

6.  What geologic structures form when rocks flow or bend?

folds

7.  Describe the two main types of folds.

Anticline - fold opens downward
Syncline - fold opens upward

8.  What geologic structures form when rocks fracture?

Faults

9.  What are the three major types of faults?

strike-slip, dip-slip, oblique

10.  What are the two types of stress?

compressional and tensional.

11.  What is the difference between stress and strain?

Stress refers to the type and amount of force put on rocks.  Strain refers to the actual deformation that rocks undergo.

12.  What is the difference between plastic and elastic?

Rocks that deform by bending or flowing but return to their original shape demonstrate elastic behavior; rocks that deform by bending or flowing but don't return to their original shape are plastic.

13.  What is the third type of stress mentioned in which rocks move laterally past each other?

shear

14.  What type of stress produces most folds?

compression

15.  What is an unconformity?

An unconformity is a break in the rock record that represents a period of erosion or when no sediment is begin deposited.

16.  What are the three types of unconformity?

angular uncomformity - sedimentary rocks below erosional surface are oriented at a different angle from rocks below
    erosional surface
nonconformity - an erosional surface between sedimentary rocks above and crystalline rocks (igneous or sedimentary
    rocks) below
disconformity - an erosional surface between sedimentary rocks, above and below the erosional surface, that all have a
    horizontal orientation

17.  What is the economic value of understanding the history of folded sediments?

Because structural traps can contain petroleum, natural gas, or ground=water

18.  What type of rock structures can trap petroleum?

anticline, fault traps, unconformity trap