Ch. 21,
p. 608, #1-4, 6, 8
1.
Why did the ancients believe that celestial objects had some control
over their lives?
The close association of the
positions of the celestial objects with recurring events on Earth, such
as the seasons, led the ancients to believe that all Earthly activity
was controlled by the celestial objects.
2.
Describe
what produces the retrograde motion of Mars. What geometric
arrangements
did Ptolemy use to explain this motion?
In actuality, when Earth overtakes Mars in its
orbit,
Mars appears to be moving backward against the background stars.
Ptolemy,
in assuming that all the planets orbit around Earth, proposed that Mars
(and
other planets) made a small backward loop in its orbit, called an
epicycle.
3. What major change did Copernicus make in the Ptolemaic system?
Why
was this change philosphically significant?
Copernicus proposed that the planets orbit around
the
Sun, instead of the Sun and planets orbiting around Earth.
4. What was Tycho Brahe's contribution to science?
6. Use Kepler's third law to determine the period of a planet
whose solar distance is
a) 10 AU
A. 31.6 years
b) 1 AU
A. 1 year
c) 0.2 AU
A. 0.89 year
7. Use Kepler's third law to determine the distance from the Sun
of
a planet whose period is.
a) 5 years
A. 2.9 AUs
b) 10 years
4.6 AUs
c) 10 days
0.01 AUs
8. Did Galileo invent the
telescope?
No,
Galileo did not invent the telescope. However, he was the first
to use it astronomically.
12. Of what value are
constellations to modern-day astronomers?
Constellations
provide astronomers with a means of dividing the sky into identifiable
regions.
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