1.   What are primary producers?

Organisms are capable of producing organic foodstuff from elements, compounds and  energy from the surrounding environment

2.  What are phytoplankton?

single-celled marine organisms that live by photosynthesis

3.  What are zooplankton?

single-celled animal-like organisms that survive by consuming other organisms

4.  What kind of movement control do phytoplankton have?

whip-like flagella that help to control their depth in the water

5.  What are prokaryotes?

small, single-celled organisms that don't have a nucleus in their cell structure

6.  What term describes the complex network of pathways of food consumption in an ecosystem?

food web

7.  What is a difference between seaweed and plankton?

Generally (but not always), seaweed are plant organisms that are attached to the bottom surface.  Planktonic plant organisms are not.

8.  What components are needed for photosynthesis?

Light, CO2, H2O, chlorophyll molecules

9.  Where are phytoplankton abundant?

In the surface layers of the ocean, but also commonly in coastal and ice-edge environments in the Antarctic

10.  How do primary producers potentially reduce CO2 in the atmosphere?

Because they take up CO2 through photosynthesis.

11.  What is eutrophication?  What effect does it have on marine environments?

When phytoplankton bloom in response, typically, to fertilizer runoff.  The problem is that when the algal material die out and sink, it deomposes and takes up available oxygen in the deeper layers, making it anoxic.