Geology 305 – 3rd Midterm
Review -- Oceanography
(Chapters 13-15, 20)
Terms:
|
gyres longshore current abyssal plain atoll continental margin continental rise continental shelf continental slope deep-ocean trench deep-see fan (also abyssal fan) echo sounder estuary mid-ocean ridge reef |
fringing reef barrier island baymouth bar beach nourishment breakwater emergent coast groin neap tide seawall spit spring tide submergent coast |
surf tide tombolo upwelling wave-cut platform wave height wave depth wavelength wave of oscillation wave of translation wave period wave refraction |
1.
What
is the
relationship of the various features of the continental margin to the
transition from continental crust to oceanic crust?
2.
How
can we observe
what the surface of the ocean floor looks like when it is so deep?
3.
What
is the typical
depth of the ocean floor?
4.
What is the
difference between a passive and an active continental margin?
5.
What are reefs?
6.
How does a reef
develop and evolve into an atoll?
7.
Which
state of matter
is USUALLY the densest? In which
material is this the exception?
8.
What
is the average
salinity of the ocean?
9.
How
does salinity
vary generally with latitude? Depth?
10.
Why
are the oceans
salty?
11.
What
are the major
components of that salinity?
12.
What
are two possible
sources of water on Earth?
13.
How
does the Coriolis
Effect affect current direction?)
14.
What
are the two general
types of ocean currents?
15.
How
fast do vertical
currents move?
16.
How do
gyres move in the
northern hemisphere? In the
southern hemisphere?
17.
How
and where does West
Wind Drift circulate?
18.
What
is an example of a
warm water current? Which way does it flow? How does it affect climate in Northern
Europe?
19.
What
is an example of a
cold water current? Which way does it flow? How does it affect climate along the West
Coast?
20.
How
can seawater’s
density be altered?
21.
Where
can masses of
seawater be observed to be sinking? Why?
22.
Label
a wave diagram.
23.
What
causes tides?
24.
How do
the moon’s phases
relate to tidal levels?
25.
Why do
we find tidal
bulges on the Earth opposite the side
facing the sun or moon?
26.
What
factors control the
strength of gravitational
attraction between two objects?
27.
How
can one distinguish
diurnal, semidiurnal, and mixed
tides?
28.
What
type of tidal
pattern generally exists in this part of
California?
29.
How
does sand migrate
along a coastline?
30.
What
is the source of
beach sediment?
31.
Describe
coastal features
produced by longshore currents.
32.
What
are examples of
emergent and submergent coastlines?
33.
What
are features
associated with each type of coastline?
34.
What
are some artificial
structures that can preserve
coastlines?
35. What are some examples of processes in the Earth Sciences that
use convection? Find one example from each of the four
branches of Earth Science that we have studied, and be prepared to
describe each.
36. What are
some
examples of processes in the Earth Sciences that involve density
differences? Find
one example from each of the four branches of Earth Science that we
have studied, and be prepared to describe each.
37. What are some potential consequences of global warming?
38. What is the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere?
39. What period of recent history marks the beginning of the
measured rise of CO2 in the atmosphere?
40. What is the
difference between a winter beach a summer beach?